Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• and then to the in vitro Franz diffusion test with reservoir patch formulation as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics study with enteric capsules. We tested these formulations regarding their nanocrystal physical properties, size effect, and dissolution rate, respectively. We found that DCS nanocrystals

• ]. Nanocrystals can improve many physicochemical properties of drugs such as solubility, size effect, dissolution rate, and adhesiveness to surface membranes [23]. The limitations of conventional medication delivery can be overcome by advanced drug delivery methodologies, such as transdermal drug delivery (TDD

• DCS nanocrystals will not have improved water solubility in comparison with that of commercial DCS. Accordingly, we focused on the other two important characteristics of nanocrystals: size effect and dissolution rate, and then investigated the pharmaceutical applications of DCS nanocrystals through in

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• clinical research to clinical practice, some limitations of metal-based nanoantioxidants need to be overcome. First, the nanoscale size of metal-based nanoantioxidants makes these materials distinct from bulk materials because of the quantum size effect. The uncommon nanoscale sizes, which are not familiar

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• absorption peak below 400 nm due to the nanometric size effect of the synthesized ZnO and characteristic hexagonal ZnO NPs [32]. A broad band at 362 nm in the UV–vis spectrum was reported, indicating the formation of ZnO NPs, and it could be due to an electron transfer from the valence to the conduction band

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 29, by J. Depciuch; M. Stec; B. Klebowski; A. Maximenko; E. Drzymała; J. Baran; M. Parlinska-Wojtan, “Size effect of platinum nanoparticles in simulated anticancer photothermal therapy“, article no. 101594, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• outgoing boundary. Consequently, BIC modes with infinite Q factor turn into quasi-BICs that are accessible from the radiative continuum [27][28]. In addition to the degradation of the Q factor, the finite-size effect also turns the continuous photonic bands of the infinite device into discrete energy

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• composites, further investigations are necessary. The indentation size effect (ISE) representing the increase of H with the decrease of P observed on other porous ceramics [49][50][51] manifests also for all composites in the present work (Figure 5). The ISE can be connected with the general deformation

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• , we will focus on characteristics and mechanisms that may influence the nano-punching process. Because of the size effect and atomic adhesion between the punch and the workpiece, the nano-punching process may present different behaviors in comparison to the conventional punching process. Besides

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• [25]. The difference in resistances ρx and ρz (magnetic field perpendicular to the current) is usually associated with the geometrical size effect [26]. A detailed study of the size effect for the Pd0.92Fe0.08 film is beyond the scope of this study. In addition to the anisotropic magnetoresistance

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• cycles, typically steps of ≈2.7 Å, which thus corresponds to monoatomic steps. This is in contrast to Pb islands grown on surfaces that exhibit a double layer growth due to quantum size effect [49][50][51]. On the terraces, hexagonal dark spots are visible by STM, whose diameters vary between 1.5 and 5

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• atoms intermittently interact with the sample in oscillation periods. The size effect of the tip apex is not obvious and the energy map is mainly affected by the height of the sample atoms. In the AM mode, we need 5000 time steps to keep the tip in a stable vibration to, then, calculate the average

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• methods for synthesizing Pt/C can also have an effect on the surface of the carbon support and the strength of the platinum NPs adhesion to its surface. Thus, the positive effects of the structural uniformity can compensate for the size effect that has a negative influence on the NP stability. It is

Determination of elastic moduli of elastic–plastic microspherical materials using nanoindentation simulation without mechanical polishing

• Hongzhou Li and
• Jialian Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 213–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.17

• depends on the indentation depth. It demonstrates that nanoindentation on microspherical materials exhibits a “size effect”. Keywords: elastic–plastic; microsphere; nanoindentation; Oliver–Pharr method; simulation; Introduction Instrumented nanoindentation is the most commonly used technique for the

• case of pileup and too low in the case of sink-in [10]. Nix and Gao deduced the theory of strain gradient plasticity to interpret the “size effect” of indentation as an increase in physical quantity with the decreasing depth of penetration [11]. Experimental results show that the size effect of

• to the “correction factor” in Equation 9 extracted from the Oliver–Pharr method. The correction factor is not a constant. It decreases with the increase of normalized maximum indentation depth. It demonstrates that the nanoindentation of microspherical materials exhibits a size effect. The deviation

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• study [31]. These results also indicate a size effect. If there are silicon and silicon oxide areas available on a substrate (as shown in Figure 4e and Figure 4f), gold places itself preferentially onto the silicon areas. Since a eutectic decomposition of gold and silicon takes place in bulk mixtures at

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• . investigated the effect of nonzero initial conditions, the nonlinear coefficient of squeeze film air damping, and the van der Waals effect on the stability of torsional nanomirrors for the obtained dynamic pull-in instability voltage using the size effect [14]. Fakhrabadi et al. utilized the modified couple

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• conventional method (3.20 eV). This is attributed to the quantum size effect, according to which the Eg value of a semiconductor depends on physicochemical properties such as size, surface area, and crystalline phase [35]. When Ag particles are combined with TiO2, the band gap of the resulting Ag-TNC film is

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• only about 15% difference in the average particle size of the HTC-CDs and LA-CDs-10%, and the average particle size of the annealed-CDs is significantly smaller than both the HTC-CDs and LA-CDs-10%. However, the annealed-CDs did not exhibit any PL. All of these results suggest that the size effect

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• penetrate into the cells and can be used as carriers [83]. It has been demonstrated that the amine–gold surface interaction is charge-neutral and the stability of amine-capped GNPs is a finite-size effect, which is largely kinetic in origin, unlike that of thiol-capped GNPs, which are known to possess

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• size of GnPs is one of the most important factors, only few studies have investigated the size effect of GnPs on the properties of nanocomposites with various matrices, such as HDPE [13][14][15], polypropylene (PP) [8][9][16][17], epoxy [18][19][20], and polycarbonate (PC) [21] in the range of about

• investigate the size effect of GnPs on the above-mentioned properties of HDPE-based nanocomposites. Considering the concentration of HDPE-based nanocomposites with GnP inclusions studied in the literature, the maximum concentration was up to 15 vol %. This study was carried out within the range of 0.92–13.92

• phonon transfer between the HDPE matrix and the GnPs fillers [21][34][35]. Furthermore, GnPs with larger lateral size showed a larger enhancement of the thermal conductivity. A similar lateral-size effect of GnPs was also observed in earlier studies [13][18][21]. One reason was that the fillers could

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• strength for smaller diameters (size effect) can be noticed. For Ag NWs, the results are in good accordance with experimental yield strength values obtained for Ag NWs using the similar cantilever beam configuration [28]. It should be noted that measurements in [28] were performed in dynamic mode, that is

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• biocompatibility in clinical applications. Herein, we report the size effect of the three Au-CPMV samples on X-ray attenuation as measured by CT. The generated signals are shown in Figure 6. The average CT number from three scans for each sample was 183 HU, 133 HU, and 115 HU for the 50 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• on a 107 nm Au layer on the Bi2Se3 (for both cases the contact electrode and conductive tip were located on the same material). We observed a higher conductivity of the bulk material (quantum size effect) (Figure 3, compare curves a) and b)) and a small photodiode effect of Au/Bi2Se3 (−100 mV) due to

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• spectra are red-shifted, we suggest that it is the size effect that is dominant over ionic bond strength in causing the spectral shift, which is different from the effects of radiation time that we observed recently [30]. This phenomenon indicates that the immersion height of the vibrating spear would

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• particle size effect on the catalytic activity. In contrast to most gold nanoclusters which have to be completely defunctionalized for maximum catalytic activity, the partially defunctionalized Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 catalyst, thermally treated at 300 °C, exhibits full conversion of benzyl alcohol within 15 h

• ], direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide by the hydrogenation of O2 [3], ozone decomposition [4], selective oxidation reactions [5][6][7][8] and so on. However, a debate regarding the particle size effect on the catalytic activity and the concerns related to the synthesis and stabilization of monodisperse

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• near 17 keV. The dose and energy dependence of the sputtering yield was explained by the competition of the finite size effect and the effect of debris formation. Keywords: finite size effect; gas cluster ion beam; silicon nanoparticles; smoothing effect; sputtering; Introduction Etching using gas

• [22]. Sputtering experiments have been performed mostly for gold nanoparticles and nanorods. Klimmer et al. [23] have studied the sputtering of gold nanoparticles with a radius of 3.6 nm on a sapphire substrate irradiated with 200 keV Ar ions. Their model predicts a strong size effect of the

• presence of the finite size effect in such system [27], i.e., the energy of the cluster ion after impact with a certain silicon particle cannot be spread effectively at a large range inside the material due to too little contact of the particle with neighbors. This concept is proven by the increase in the

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• at the nanoscale – the so called "quantum size effect". Therefore, it is very important to synthesize nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and with a desired mean diameter in order to control their optical and electrical properties [1]. The properties that make nanometer-sized SnO2 highly